Inside veins, there are one-way valves that function to ensure blood flows in the direction of the heart. When these valves malfunction, blood can pool in the veins, leading to their enlargement.
Varicose veins can affect anyone, but certain risk factors increase the likelihood. Aging reduces vein elasticity, while hormonal changes in women during pregnancy or menopause can weaken vein walls. Prolonged sitting or standing, genetics, health conditions that raise vein pressure, tobacco use, and excess weight also contribute to the development of varicose veins.